PAO S. P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia (russian: Ракетно-космическая корпорация «Энергия» им. С. П. Королёва, Raketno-kosmicheskaya korporatsiya "Energiya" im. S. P. Korolyova), also known as RSC Energia (, RKK "Energiya"), is a Russian manufacturer of

spacecraft A spacecraft is a vehicle or machine designed to fly in outer space. A type of artificial satellite, spacecraft are used for a variety of purposes, including communications, Earth observation, meteorology, navigation, space colonization, p ...

and space station components. The company is the prime developer and contractor of the Russian crewed spaceflight program; it also owns a majority of

Sea Launch Sea Launch was a multinational—Norway, Russia, Ukraine, United States—spacecraft launch company founded in 1995 that provided orbital launch services from 1999–2014. The company used a mobile maritime launch platform for equatorial lau ...

. Its name is derived from

Sergei Korolev Sergei Pavlovich Korolev (russian: Сергей Павлович Королёв, Sergey Pavlovich Korolyov, sʲɪrˈɡʲej ˈpavləvʲɪtɕ kərɐˈlʲɵf, Ru-Sergei Pavlovich Korolev.ogg; ukr, Сергій Павлович Корольов, ...

, the first chief of its design bureau, and the Russian word for

energy In physics, energy (from Ancient Greek: ἐνέργεια, ''enérgeia'', “activity”) is the quantitative property that is transferred to a body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of work and in the form of hea ...

Overview

Energia is the largest company of the

Russian space industry Russia's space industry comprises more than 100 companies and employs 250,000 people. Most of the companies are descendants of Soviet design bureaux and state production companies. The industry entered a deep crisis following the dissolution of t ...

and one of its key players. It is responsible for all operations involving human spaceflight and is the lead developer of the

Soyuz Soyuz is a transliteration of the Cyrillic text Союз ( Russian and Ukrainian, 'Union'). It can refer to any union, such as a trade union (''profsoyuz'') or the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Сою́з Сове́тских Социалис ...

and

Progress Progress is the movement towards a refined, improved, or otherwise desired state. In the context of progressivism, it refers to the proposition that advancements in technology, science, and social organization have resulted, and by extension w ...

spacecraft, and the lead developer of the Russian end of the

International Space Station The International Space Station (ISS) is the largest modular space station currently in low Earth orbit. It is a multinational collaborative project involving five participating space agencies: NASA (United States), Roscosmos (Russia), JAXA ...

(ISS). In the mid-2000s, the company employed 22,000–30,000 people. The enterprise has been awarded 4

Orders of Lenin The Order of Lenin (russian: Орден Ленина, Orden Lenina, ), named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was established by the Central Executive Committee on April 6, 1930. The order was the highest civilian decoration b ...

Order of the October Revolution The Order of the October Revolution (russian: Орден Октябрьской Революции, ''Orden Oktyabr'skoy Revolyutsii'') was instituted on October 31, 1967, in time for the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution. It was conferr ...

and Russian Federation President's Message of Thanks. In addition, 14

cosmonauts An astronaut (from the Ancient Greek (), meaning 'star', and (), meaning 'sailor') is a person trained, equipped, and deployed by a human spaceflight program to serve as a commander or crew member aboard a spacecraft. Although generally r ...

employed by the company have been awarded the title " Hero of the Russian Federation".

Structure

The company consists of the following subsidiaries and branches: * Primary Design Bureau * Baikonur branch * ZAO Experimental Machine-building Plant * ZAO Volzhskoye DB * ZAO PO Kosmos , 38% of the company's stock was owned by the Russian state.

History

The company was founded on 26 August 1946 and has been known successively as: * Special

Design Bureau OKB is a transliteration of the Russian initials of "" – , meaning 'experiment and design bureau'. During the Soviet era, OKBs were closed institutions working on design and prototyping of advanced technology, usually for military application ...

number 1 of RD Institute number 88 (russian: ОКБ-1 НИИ-88 or OKB-1 of

NII-88 TsNIIMash (russian: ЦНИИмаш) is a Russian rocket and spacecraft scientific center, dealing with all phases of development from conceptual design to flight test. The Institute is the main analytical center of Roskosmos in the field of syste ...

) * TsKBEM (Central Design Bureau of Experimental Machine Building) * NPO Energia * S. P. Korolev RSC Energia. It is named after the first chief of its design bureau

(1946–1966). His successors as chief designers were:

Vasily Mishin Vasily Pavlovich Mishin (russian: Васи́лий Па́влович Ми́шин) (18 January 1917 – 10 October 2001) was a Russian engineer in the Soviet Union, and a prominent rocket pioneer, best remembered for the failures in the Soviet s ...

(1966–1974),

Valentin Glushko Valentin Petrovich Glushko (russian: Валенти́н Петро́вич Глушко́; uk, Валентин Петрович Глушко, Valentyn Petrovych Hlushko; born 2 September 1908 – 10 January 1989) was a Soviet engineer and the ...

(1974–1989), (1989–2005),

Nikolai Sevastianov Nikolai Sevastianov (born 1961, Chelyabinsk, USSR (now Russia)) graduated from the Aerodynamics and Space Exploration Department of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology in 1984. In 1984 he took a job at NPO Energia as an engineer and ro ...

(2005–2007). Its President and Chief designer was Vitaly Lopota, until 1 August 2014. Korolev's design bureau was, beginning with the first artificial satellite Sputnik 1 and the first crewed spaceflight of

Vostok 1 Vostok 1 (russian: link=no, Восток, ''East'' or ''Orient'' 1) was the first spaceflight of the Vostok programme and the first human orbital spaceflight in history. The Vostok 3KA space capsule was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome on Apr ...

, responsible for a major part of the Soviet space program. It was the main rival of

OKB-52 NPO Mashinostroyeniya (russian: НПО машиностроения, lit=RDA of machine manufacturing) is a rocket design bureau based in Reutov, Russia. During the Cold War it was responsible for several major weapons systems, including the UR-1 ...

(later known as TsKBM, then the design bureau of

Vladimir Chelomei Vladimir Nikolayevich Chelomey or Chelomei (russian: Влади́мир Никола́евич Челоме́й; 30 June 1914 – 8 December 1984) was a Soviet engineer of Ukrainian ethnicity and designer in missile program of the former Sovie ...

) during the

Soviet crewed lunar programs The Soviet crewed lunar programs were a series of programs pursued by the Soviet Union to land humans on the Moon, in competition with the United States Apollo program. The Soviet government publicly denied participating in such a competitio ...

and the Soviet space station program. OKB-1 was among others responsible for the development of the crewed

Soyuz spacecraft Soyuz () is a series of spacecraft which has been in service since the 1960s, having made more than 140 flights. It was designed for the Soviet space program by the Korolev Design Bureau (now Energia). The Soyuz succeeded the Voskhod spacecraf ...

and its

Soyuz rocket The Soyuz (russian: Союз, meaning "union", GRAU index 11A511) was a Soviet expendable carrier rocket designed in the 1960s by OKB-1 and manufactured by State Aviation Plant No. 1 in Kuybyshev, Soviet Union. It was commissioned to launch ...

, the N1 "Moon Shot" rocket, large parts of the Salyut space station program, the uncrewed Progress resupply craft and designed the Energia rocket for the Buran space shuttle program. Since the early beginnings of the

Luna programme The Luna programme (from the Russian word "Luna" meaning "Moon"), occasionally called ''Lunik'' by western media, was a series of robotic spacecraft missions sent to the Moon by the Soviet Union between 1959 and 1976. Fifteen were successful, ...

it designed many space probes, among others of the

Venera The Venera (, , which means "Venus" in Russian) program was the name given to a series of space probes developed by the Soviet Union between 1961 and 1984 to gather information about the planet Venus. Ten probes successfully landed on the s ...

, Zond and

Mars program The Mars program was a series of uncrewed spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union between 1960 and 1973. The spacecraft were intended to explore Mars, and included flyby probes, landers and orbiters. Early Mars spacecraft were small, and launche ...

. The company continues to dominate a large part of the Russian space program, and a considerable part of the World's space program, with its Soyuz spacecraft having become the only crewed spacecraft conducting regular flights and the exclusive crew transport vehicle for the

from the

Space Shuttle retirement The retirement of NASA's Space Shuttle fleet took place from March to July 2011. ''Discovery'' was the first of the three active Space Shuttles to be retired, completing its final mission on March 9, 2011; '' Endeavour'' did so on June 1. The ...

in 2011 and until the maiden flight of

Crew Dragon Endeavour Crew Dragon ''Endeavour'' (Dragon capsule C206) is a Crew Dragon spacecraft manufactured and operated by SpaceX and used by NASA's Commercial Crew Program. it has successfully completed three crewed missions to the International Space Station ...

in 2020. The Chinese

Shenzhou program The China Manned Space Program (CMS; ), also known as Project 921 () is a space program developed by the People's Republic of China and run by the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA), designed to develop and enhance human spaceflight capabilities f ...

is the only other program in the world with planned semi-regular crewed spaceflights. The President of Energia, Vitaly Lopota, was removed from his post as president on August 1, 2014.

Dmitry Rogozin Dmitry Olegovich Rogozin (russian: link=no, Дми́трий Оле́гович Рого́зин; born 21 December 1963) is a Russian politician who served as director general of Roscosmos from 2018 to July 2022. He previously served as deputy ...

indicated that this was the start of "long-awaited personnel reform in

he Russian He or HE may refer to: Language * He (pronoun), an English pronoun * He (kana), the romanization of the Japanese kana へ * He (letter), the fifth letter of many Semitic alphabets * He (Cyrillic), a letter of the Cyrillic script called ''He'' in ...

space industry... Tough times require tough decisions". Lopota was offered the position of vice president for technological development in the

United Rocket and Space Corporation The United Rocket and Space Corporation (russian: Объединенная ракетно-космическая корпорация) or URSC was a Russian joint-stock corporation formed by the Russian government in 2013 to renationalize the Ru ...

, the new company formed in 2013 to re-nationalize the Russian space industry.

Ongoing projects

* Energia builds Russia's

Soyuz MS The Soyuz MS (; GRAU: 11F732A48) is a revision of the Russian spacecraft series Soyuz first launched in 2016. It is an evolution of the Soyuz TMA-M spacecraft, with modernization mostly concentrated on the communications and navigation subsyst ...

spacecraft for three-person

human spaceflight Human spaceflight (also referred to as manned spaceflight or crewed spaceflight) is spaceflight with a crew or passengers aboard a spacecraft, often with the spacecraft being operated directly by the onboard human crew. Spacecraft can also be ...

missions and

Progress M Progress-M (russian: Прогресс-М, GRAU indices 11F615A55 and 11F615A60), also known as Progress 7K-TGM, is a Russian, previously Soviet spacecraft which is used to resupply space stations. It is a variant of the Progress spacecraft, o ...

robotic Robotics is an interdisciplinarity, interdisciplinary branch of computer science and engineering. Robotics involves design, construction, operation, and use of robots. The goal of robotics is to design machines that can help and assist human ...

spacecraft for cargo missions: *

Russian Orbital Segment The Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) is the name given to the components of the International Space Station (ISS) constructed in Russia and operated by the Russian Roscosmos. The ROS handles Guidance, Navigation, and Control for the entire Station. ...

(ROS) of

ISS The International Space Station (ISS) is the largest modular space station currently in low Earth orbit. It is a multinational collaborative project involving five participating space agencies: NASA (United States), Roscosmos (Russia), JAXA (J ...

: providing its own

for

(ISS) expeditions; responsibility for all Russian scientific experiments. *

project participation – production of block DM-SL as the upper stage for

Ukrainian Ukrainian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Ukraine * Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe * Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine * So ...

launch vehicle A launch vehicle or carrier rocket is a rocket designed to carry a payload ( spacecraft or satellites) from the Earth's surface to outer space. Most launch vehicles operate from a launch pads, supported by a launch control center and ...

Zenit-3SL The Zenit-3SL is an expendable carrier rocket operated by Sea Launch. First flown in 1999, it has been launched 36 times, with three failures and one partial failure. It is a member of the Zenit family of rockets, and is built by the Yuzhnoye ...

. * Universal Spacecraft Configuration – usage for development of:

communications satellite A communications satellite is an artificial satellite that relays and amplifies radio telecommunication signals via a transponder; it creates a communication channel between a source transmitter and a receiver at different locations on Earth ...

s, remote sensing satellites,

navigation satellites A satellite navigation or satnav system is a system that uses satellites to provide autonomous geo-spatial positioning. It allows satellite navigation devices to determine their location (longitude, latitude, and altitude/elevation) to high pre ...

and uncrewed orbital servicing satellites. USC was a basis for Yamal 100 and Yamal 200 satellites.

Future projects

* Further assembly of

(ISS) Russian segment: development of

Multipurpose Laboratory Module ''Nauka'' ( rus, Наука, p=nɐˈukə, litt. ''Science''), also known as the Multipurpose Laboratory Module-Upgrade (MLM-U; Russian: Многоцелевой лабораторный модуль, усоверше́нствованный ...

(together with Krunichev Space Centre) and "Oka" space production modules (not permanently attached to

). * Development of new spacecraft with 3 stages: # Modernization of "Soyuz TMA" spacecraft for human circum-

lunar Lunar most commonly means "of or relating to the Moon". Lunar may also refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Lunar'' (series), a series of video games * "Lunar" (song), by David Guetta * "Lunar", a song by Priestess from the 2009 album ''Prior t ...

missions – pending commercial orders for

space tourism Space tourism is human space travel for recreational purposes. There are several different types of space tourism, including orbital, suborbital and lunar space tourism. During the period from 2001 to 2009, seven space tourists made eight s ...

. # Development of "

Parom The ''Parom'' (''ferry'' in Russian) is a space tug that has been proposed by RKK Energia. The purpose of this vehicle is to replace most of the Progress' active components. Progress spacecraft have flown re-supply missions since 1978. Nikolai Br ...

" space tug (in order to replace

cargo spacecraft). # Development of multi-aimed

Orel spacecraft Orel (russian: Орёл, , Eagle) or Oryol, formerly Federation (russian: Федерация, Federatsiya}), and PPPTS (russian: Перспективная Портативный Пилотируемая Транспортная Система, ...

(instead of abandoned

Kliper Kliper (Клипер, English: Clipper) was an early-2000s proposed partially- reusable crewed spacecraft concept by RSC Energia. Due to lack of funding from the ESA and RSA, the project was indefinitely postponed by 2006. Designed primarily to ...

project) for six persons. * Development of crewed lunar program: landing by 2025, creating of permanent lunar base by 2030 in order to extract helium-3. * Development of human

Mars Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System, only being larger than Mercury. In the English language, Mars is named for the Roman god of war. Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin at ...

mission: landing beyond 2035. * Development of Yamal-300 and Yamal-400 communication satellites for Gazprom corporation. * Development of " Smotr" remote sensing satellites. * Development of a pod designed for clearing near-Earth space of satellite debris. The new device is planned to be assembled by 2020 and tested by 2023. The concept is to build the device to use a nuclear power source so that it could remain on task for up to 15 years, primarily working in the geosynchronous orbit zone. Debris collected would be de-orbited to re-enter over the ocean.

Historic projects

Over the years the products of Energia and its predecessors included:

IRBMs and
ICBMs An intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) is a ballistic missile with a range greater than , primarily designed for nuclear weapons delivery (delivering one or more thermonuclear warheads). Conventional, chemical, and biological weapons ...

Including meteorological rockets as their modifications: *

R-1 (missile) The R-1 rocket (NATO reporting name SS-1 Scunner, Soviet code name SA11, GRAU index 8A11) was a tactical ballistic missile, the first manufactured in the Soviet Union, and closely based on the German V-2 rocket. The R-1 missile system entered int ...

R-1B, R-1V, R-1D, R-1E *

R-2 (missile) The R-2 (NATO reporting name SS-2 Sibling) was a Soviet short-range ballistic missile developed from and having twice the range as the R-1 missile (itself a copy of the German V-2). Developed from 1946-1951, the R-2 entered service in numbers in ...

R-5 missile R5 may refer to: Roads or Railroads * ''Autopista Radial R-5'', a Spanish radial motorway * R5 expressway (Slovakia) * Radial Road 5 or R-5, an arterial road of Manila, Philippines * Line R5, a commuter rail service on the Llobregat–Anoia Line ...

, R-5M, R-11, R-11A, R-11F * R-7 Semyorka, **

R-7A Semyorka The R-7A Semyorka, GRAU index 8K74, was an early Soviet intercontinental ballistic missile derived from the earlier R-7 Semyorka. It was the only member of the R-7 family of rockets to be deployed as an operational missile. The R-7A first flew ...

R-9 Desna The R-9 (NATO reporting name: SS-8 Sasin) was a two-stage IRBM of the Soviet Union, in service from 1964 to 1976. History Designed in 1959 and first tested in 1961, the R-9 was a great improvement over previous Soviet missile designs. The miss ...

RT-1 The RT-1 was an early intercontinental ballistic missile design that was tested but not deployed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. It was not assigned a NATO reporting name, but did carry the GRAU index 8K95. Development was led by O ...

RT-2 The RT-2 was an intercontinental ballistic missile deployed by the Soviet Union, which was in service from December 1968 until 1976. It was assigned the NATO reporting name SS-13 Savage and carried the GRAU index 8K98. Designed by OKB-1, about 60 ...

Launch vehicle A launch vehicle or carrier rocket is a rocket designed to carry a payload ( spacecraft or satellites) from the Earth's surface to outer space. Most launch vehicles operate from a launch pads, supported by a launch control center and ...
s

R-7 (rocket family) The R-7 family of rockets (russian: Р-7) is a series of rockets, derived from the Soviet R-7 Semyorka, the world's first ICBM. More R-7 rockets have been launched than any other family of large rockets. When Soviet nuclear warheads became ligh ...

Sputnik (rocket) The Sputnik rocket was an uncrewed orbital carrier rocket designed by Sergei Korolev in the Soviet Union, derived from the R-7 Semyorka ICBM. On 4 October 1957, it was used to perform the world's first satellite launch, placing ''Sputnik 1'' in ...

Luna (rocket) The Luna 8K72 vehicles were carrier rockets used by the Soviet Union for nine space probe launch attempts in the Luna programme between 23 September 1958 and 16 April 1960. Like many other Soviet launchers of that era the Luna 8K72 vehicles were de ...

Vostok (rocket family) Vostok (Russian: Восток, translated as "East") was a family of rockets derived from the Soviet R-7 Semyorka ICBM and was designed for the human spaceflight programme. This family of rockets launched the first artificial satellite (Sputnik ...

Vostok-2 (rocket) The Vostok-2 (russian: Восток meaning ''"East"''), GRAU index 8A92 was an expendable carrier rocket used by the Soviet Union between 1962 and 1967. Forty five were launched, of which five failed. It was derived from the earlier Vostok-K, wi ...

Vostok-2M The Vostok-2M (russian: Восток meaning ''"East"''), GRAU index 8A92M was an expendable carrier rocket used by the Soviet Union between 1964 and 1991. Ninety-three were launched, of which one failed. Another was destroyed before launch. It ...

Vostok-K The Vostok-K (russian: Восток meaning ''"East"''), GRAU index 8K72K was an expendable carrier rocket used by the Soviet Union for thirteen launches between 1960 and 1964, six of which were manned. It was derived from the earlier Vostok-L ...

Vostok-L The Vostok-L (russian: Восток meaning ''"East"''), GRAU index 8K72 was a rocket used by the Soviet Union to conduct several early tests of the Vostok spacecraft. It was derived from the Luna rocket, with a slightly enlarged second stage to a ...

Polyot (rocket) The Polyot (russian: Полёт, ''flight'') (Also known as Sputnik, GRAU index 11A59) was an interim orbital carrier rocket, built to test ASAT spacecraft. It was required as a stopgap after the cancellation of the UR-200 programme, but befor ...

Voskhod (rocket) The Voskhod rocket (russian: Восход, ''"ascent"'', ''"dawn"'') was a derivative of the Soviet R-7 ICBM designed for the human spaceflight programme but later used for launching Zenit reconnaissance satellites. It consisted of the Mo ...

Molniya (rocket) The Molniya (russian: Молния, meaning "lightning"), GRAU Index 8K78, was a modification of the well-known R-7 Semyorka rocket and had four stages. The 8K78 resulted from a crash program by the Korolev Bureau to develop a booster for laun ...

Soyuz (rocket family) Soyuz (russian: Союз, meaning "union", GRAU index 11A511) is a family of expendable Russian and Soviet carrier rockets developed by OKB-1 and manufactured by Progress Rocket Space Centre in Samara, Russia. With over 1,900 flights since it ...

Soyuz (rocket) The Soyuz (russian: Союз, meaning "union", GRAU index 11A511) was a Soviet expendable carrier rocket designed in the 1960s by OKB-1 and manufactured by State Aviation Plant No. 1 in Kuybyshev, Soviet Union. It was commissioned to launch ...

Soyuz-L The Soyuz-L (russian: Союз, meaning "union"), GRAU index 11A511L was a Soviet expendable carrier rocket designed by OKB-1 and manufactured by State Aviation Plant No. 1 in Samara, Russia. It was created to test the LK lunar lander in low ...

Soyuz-M The Soyuz-M (russian: Союз, meaning ''"Union"''), GRAU index 11A511M was a Soviet expendable carrier rocket designed by OKB-1 and manufactured by State Aviation Plant No. 1 in Samara, Russia. It was originally built to launch crewed Soyuz ...

* Soyuz/Vostok *

N1 rocket The N1/L3 (from , "Carrier Rocket"; Cyrillic: Н1) was a super heavy-lift launch vehicle intended to deliver payloads beyond low Earth orbit. The N1 was the Soviet counterpart to the US Saturn V and was intended to enable crewed travel to the ...

as a part of N1-L3 lunar complex *

Blok D Blok D (russian: Блок Д meaning Block D) is an upper stage used on Soviet and later Russian expendable launch systems, including the N1, Proton-K and Zenit. The stage (and its derivatives) has been included in more than 320 launched r ...

* Energia ** Energia II * "Yamal", "Kvant", "Kvant-1", "Avrora"; * upper stages for different kinds of

s: blocks L and DM;

Research, observation and communication Earth satellites

Sputnik program Sputnik (Спутник, Russian for "satellite"NOTE: The Russian word "sputnik" can have many meanings: "satellite", "travelling companion", "fellow traveller", etc. However, in astronomy, it means only "satellite".) is a spacecraft launched ...

** Sputnik 1 **

Sputnik 2 Sputnik 2 (, russian: Спутник-2, ''Satellite 2''), or Prosteyshiy Sputnik 2 (PS-2, russian: Простейший Спутник 2, italic=yes, ''Simplest Satellite 2'') was the second spacecraft launched into Earth orbit, on 3 November 195 ...

Sputnik 3 Sputnik 3 (russian: Спутник-3, Satellite 3) was a Soviet satellite launched on 15 May 1958 from Baikonur Cosmodrome by a modified R-7/SS-6 ICBM. The scientific satellite carried a large array of instruments for geophysical research of ...

Sputnik 4 Korabl-Sputnik 1 (russian: Корабль Спутник 1 meaning ''Vessel Satellite 1''), also known as Sputnik 4 in the West, was the first test flight of the Soviet Vostok programme, and the first Vostok spacecraft. It was launched on May 15, 1 ...

Sputnik 5 Korabl-Sputnik 2 (russian: Корабль-Спутник 2, lit=Ship-Satellite 2), also known as Sputnik 5 in the West, was a Soviet artificial satellite, and the third test flight of the Vostok spacecraft. It was the first spaceflight to send ...

Sputnik 6 Korabl-Sputnik 3 (russian: Корабль-Спутник 3 meaning ''Ship-Satellite 3'') or Vostok-1K No.3, also known as Sputnik 6 in the West, was a Soviet spacecraft which was launched in 1960. It was a test flight of the Vostok spacecraft, carr ...

Sputnik 7 Tyazhely Sputnik (russian: Тяжёлый Спутник, meaning ''Heavy Satellite''), also known by its development name as Venera 1VA No. 1, and in the West as Sputnik 7, was a Soviet spacecraft, which was intended to be the first sp ...

Sputnik 8 ''Venera 1'' (russian: Венера-1 meaning ''Venus 1''), also known as Venera-1VA No.2 and occasionally in the West as ''Sputnik 8'' was the first spacecraft to fly past Venus, as part of the Soviet Union's Venera programme. Launched in Febr ...

Sputnik 9 Korabl-Sputnik 4 (russian: Корабль-Спутник 4 meaning ''Ship-Satellite 4'') or Vostok-3KA No.1, also known as Sputnik 9 in the West, was a Soviet spacecraft which was launched on 9 March 1961. Carrying the mannequin Ivan Ivanovich, ...

** Sputnik 10 ** Sputnik 19 ** Sputnik 20 ** Sputnik 21 ** Sputnik 22 ** Sputnik 24 **

Sputnik 25 Luna E-6 No.2, also identified as No.1, and sometimes known in the West as Sputnik 25, was a Soviet spacecraft which launched in 1963, but was placed into a useless orbit due to a problem with the upper stage of the rocket that launched it. It wa ...

* Elektron (satellite) * Zenit (satellite) * Molniya (satellite) * Signal (satellite) * BelKA * Remote sensing, DZZ

Outer space, Deep Space exploration spacecraft

** Luna 1958A ** Luna 1958B ** Luna 1958C ** Luna 1 ** Luna 1959A ** Luna 2 ** Luna 3 ** Luna 1960A ** Luna 1960B ** Luna 1963B ** Luna 4 ** Luna 1964A ** Luna 1964B ** Cosmos 60 ** Luna 1965A ** Luna 5 ** Luna 6 ** Luna 7 ** Luna 8 ** Luna 9 ** Cosmos 111 ** Luna 10 ** Luna 1966A ** Luna 11 ** Luna 12 ** Luna 13 ** Luna 1968A ** Luna 14 ** Luna 1969A ** Luna 1969B ** Luna 1969C ** Luna 15 ** Cosmos 300 ** Cosmos 305 ** Luna 1970A ** Luna 1970B ** Luna 16 ** Luna 17 ** Luna 18 ** Luna 19 ** Luna 20 ** Luna 21 ** Luna 22 ** Luna 23 ** Luna 1975A ** Luna 24 ** Luna 8K72 *

** Cosmos 27 ** Venera 2 ** Venera 3 ** Venera 4 ** Venera 5 ** Venera 6 ** Venera 7 ** Venera 8 ** Cosmos 482 ** Venera 9 ** Venera 10 ** Venera 11 ** Venera 12 ** Venera 13 ** Venera 14 ** Venera 15 ** Venera 16 *

** Mars 1M ** Mars 1 ** Mars 1969A ** Mars 1969B ** Cosmos 419 ** Mars 2 ** Mars 3 ** Mars 4 ** Phobos program ** Mars 96 * Zond program ** Zond 1 ** Zond 1964A ** Zond 2 ** Zond 3 ** Zond 1967A ** Zond 1967B ** Zond 4 ** Zond 5 ** Zond 6 ** Zond 7 ** Zond 8

Cargo spacecraft

* Progress (spacecraft) ** Progress-M ** Progress-M1 ** Progress 7K-TG

Crewed spacecraft

* Vostok programme ** Vostok (spacecraft) * Voskhod programme ** Voskhod (spacecraft) * Soyuz programme ** Soyuz (spacecraft) *** Soyuz A *** Soyuz B *** Soyuz 7K-L1 *** Soyuz 7K-L3 *** Soyuz 7K-LOK *** Soyuz 7K-OK *** Soyuz 7K-OKS *** Soyuz 7K-T *** Soyuz 7K-TM *** Soyuz-T *** Soyuz-TM *** Soyuz TM-1 *** Soyuz-TMA *** Soyuz TMA-M *** Soyuz-V *** Military Soyuz * Buran programme ** Buran (spacecraft) *

* LK (spacecraft) * Orel (spacecraft)

Earth space stations

* Salyut programme ** Salyut 1 ** Salyut 2 ** Cosmos 557 ** Salyut 3 ** Salyut 4 ** Salyut 5 ** Salyut 6 ** Salyut 7 * Mir * Modules of the

, see the

** Zarya (ISS module), Zarya ** Zvezda (ISS module), Zvezda ** Pirs (ISS module), Pirs ** Poisk (ISS module), Poisk ** Rassvet (ISS module), Rassvet

Lunar orbital spacecraft

* Soyuz A * Soyuz 7K-L1 * Soyuz 7K-L3 with Lunar Landing Module (as a part of N1-L3 lunar complex).

Committee of innovative youth projects

Committee of Innovative Youth Projects (Russian: Комитет инновационных проектов молодежи) also known as KIPM of RSC Energia is a network structure that unites specialists and heads of different divisions to quickly develop and launch innovative products. KIPM was established in early 2016 on the initiative of a group of young engineers from the RSC Energia. The main task of the new structure is to give young specialists the opportunity to realize their creative ideas. The main criterion for projects selecting is their potential demand in the market. Currently KIPM work on five projects: * Unmanned aerial vehicle remote power supply * 1U-6U Cubesat Deployer * Parachute system with an elastic linkage and tandem cargo separation * Assembly of lunar expedition complex at LEO * Hardware and software system for space experiments onboard crewed space station.

Note

References

External links

* *
Rocket and space corporation Energia (1946–1996). The book for the 50th anniversary of the enterprise

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180619062856/http://www.07tour.com/rsc-energia-museum/ RSC Energia museum]
KIPM of RSC Energia
* "I look back and have no regrets. " - Author: Abramov, Anatoly Petrovich: publisher "New format" Barnaul, 2022. {{authority control Aerospace companies of Russia, Energia Aerospace companies of the Soviet Union Companies based in Moscow Oblast Soviet and Russian space institutions Rocket engine manufacturers of Russia Manufacturing companies established in 1946 1946 establishments in the Soviet Union Technology companies established in 1946 Sergei Korolev Government-owned companies of Russia Russian brands RSC Energia, Companies listed on the Moscow Exchange Design bureaus